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6.6. Qualifiers and derived types

Arrays, structures and unions are ‘derived from’ (contain) other types; none of them may be derived from incomplete types. This means that a structure or union cannot contain an example of itself, because its own type is incomplete until the declaration is complete. Since a pointer to an incomplete type is not itself an incomplete type, it can be used in the derivation of arrays, structures and unions.

If any of the types that these things are derived from are qualified with const or volatile, they do not inherit that qualification. This means that if a structure contains a const object, the structure itself is not qualified with const and any non-const members can still be modified. This is what you would expect. However, the Standard does says that if any derived type contains a type that is qualified with const (or recursively any inner type does) then it is not modifiable—so a structure that contains a const cannot be on the left-hand side of an assignment operator.

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